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Posted by Vikas Kansal, Product Manager, Google Play services
The Android Jelly Bean (JB) platform was first released 9 years ago and as of July 2021, the active device count is below 1%. Since then Android has released a lot of improvements and features which are not all backported to Jelly Bean. This results in increased developer and QA time spent on new features that require special handling. Consequently, we are deprecating support for JB in future releases of Google Play services. For devices running JB, Google will no longer update the Play Services APK beyond version 21.30.99, scheduled for the end of August 2021.
What does this mean as an Application developer:
The Google Play services SDKs contain the interfaces to the functionality provided by the Google Play services APK, which runs as background services. The functionality required by the current, released SDK versions is already present on JB devices with Google Play services and will continue to work without change.
Each SDK can be independently released and may update its own minSdkVersion. Individual libraries are not required to change based on this deprecation. Newer SDK components may continue to support API levels 16 through 18 but many will update to require the higher API levels. For applications that support API levels 19 or greater, you will not need to make any changes to your build. For applications that support API levels 16 through 18, you may continue to build and publish your app to devices running JB, but you may encounter build errors when updating to newer SDK versions. The error will look like this:
Error:Execution failed for task ':app:processDebugManifest'.
> Manifest merger failed : uses-sdk:minSdkVersion 16 cannot be smaller than version 19 declared in library [com.google.android.gms:play-services-FOO:19.X.YY]
Suggestion: use tools:overrideLibrary="com.google.android.gms:play_services" to force usage
Unfortunately, the stated suggestion will not help you provide app updates to devices running JB or older. In order to use the newer SDK, you will need to use one of the following options:
1. Use API level 19 as the minimum supported API level.
This is the recommended course of action. To discontinue support for API levels that will no longer receive Google Play services updates, simply increase the minSdkVersion value in your app's build.gradle to at least 19. If you update your app in this way and publish it to the Play Store, users of devices with less than that level of support will not be able to see or download the update. However, they will still be able to download and use the most recently published version of the app that does target their device.
A very small percentage of all Android devices are using API levels less than 19. We believe that many of these old devices may not be actively being used. If your app still has a significant number of users on older devices, you can use multiple APK support in Google Play to deliver an APK that uses Google Play services 21.30.99. This is described below.
2. Build multiple APKs to support devices with an API level less than 19.
Along with some configuration and code management, you can build multiple APKs that support different minimum API levels, with different versions of Google Play services. You can accomplish this with build variants in Gradle. First, define build flavors for legacy and newer versions of your app. For example, in your build.gradle, define two different product flavors, with two different compile dependencies for the components of Play Services you're using
productFlavors {
legacy {
minSdkVersion 16
versionCode 101 // Min API level 16, v01
}
current {
minSdkVersion 19
versionCode 1901 // Min API level 19, v01
}
}
dependencies {
legacyCompile 'com.google.android.gms:play-services:16.0.0'
currentCompile 'com.google.android.gms:play-services:17.0.0'
}
In the above situation, there are two product flavors being built against two different versions of play-services-FOO. This will work fine if only APIs are called that are available in the 16.0.0 library. If you need to call newer APIs made available with 17.0.0, you will have to create your own compatibility library for the newer API calls so that they are only built into the version of the application that can use them:
- Declare a Java interface that exposes the higher-level functionality you want to perform that is only available in current versions of Play services.
- Build two Android libraries that implement that interface. The "current" implementation should call the newer APIs as desired. The "legacy" implementation should no-op or otherwise act as desired with older versions of Play services. The interface should be added to both libraries.
- Conditionally compile each library into the app using "legacyCompile" and "currentCompile" dependencies as illustrated for play-services-FOO above.
- In the app's code, call through to the compatibility library whenever newer Play APIs are required.
After building a release APK for each flavor, you then publish them both to the Play Store, and the device will update with the most appropriate version for that device. Read more about multiple APK support in the Play Store.
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